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Primary, Seconday & Tertiary Sources: Types of Primary and Secondary Sources

Explains the differences between these sources.

Choosing the Correct Source

 

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Background information, such as the history of the railroads or statistics on the  number of children immunized against diseases in the United States.

 
Books or Encyclopedias


Popular articles about new movies or social trends.

Image result for magazine cover images

Magazines


Current information about a speech yesterday by the head of Ford Motor Company.

  
 Newspapers or the Web


Scholarly articles about the Chinese economy or the human genome.


Journals

 

  
 

 

Characteristics of Popular Magazines & Newspapers

Popular Magazines and Newspapers

Contents:

 

Current events, industry and leading company

information, short articles, not much depth,

interviews

 

Sources:

Rarely cite sources in full

 

Language:

Written for a general audience

 

Authors:

Specialized journalists

 

Published by:

Commercial publishers

 

Graphics:

Glossy ads, full color charts, pictures, tables

 

Where to search :

 

Academic Search Complete, Lexis-Nexis, Health

Reference Center, ProQuest Newsstand

 

Examples:

 

Time

The Economist

People

Fortune

Criteria of Commentary & Opinion Magazines

Commentary and Opinion Magazines

Contents:

 

Current views on social and political issues,

opinionated, may be the voice of an activist

organization, speeches, interviews

 

Sources:

 

 

Occasional brief bibliographies or sources cited in

the text

Language:

Written for a general educated audience

 

Authors:

 

Extremely variable, some journalists, academics,

pundits of all sorts

 

Published by:

Commercial publishers, nonprofits

 

Graphics:

Some advertising and graphics

 

Where to search :

Academic Search Complete, Lexis-Nexis, ProQuest

 

Examples:

 

The Nation

National Review

The New Republic

 

Criteria of Scholarly, Academic, Peer-reviewed, Research, or Referred

Scholarly, Academic, Peer-reviewed, Research, or Referred

Contents:

Scholarly/research articles describe primary research, using scientific methods such as statistical tests

 

Sources:

 

Scholarly/research articles include summaries of existing research, and are fully documented

(footnotes, reference lists, etc...)

 

Language:

 

Scholarly/research articles use academic or technical terms, written for other

scholars/researchers

 

Authors:

Professionals in the field, professors, scientists

 

Published by:

 

Universities, scholarly presses, research

Organizations

 

Graphics:

Charts and graphs, formulas. Glossy ads are rare.

 

Where to search :

 

Academic Search Complete, JSTOR, ScienceDirect, PsycARTICLES

Examples:

 

Cell

Journal of Marketing Research

Social Psychology Quarterly

 

Criteria of Professional, Trade, & Industry Journals

Professional, Trade and Industry Journals

Contents:

 

Current industry, product and company info, management trends, new products, statistics, forecasts, interviews

 

Sources:

 

Occasional brief bibliographies or sources cited in the text

 

Language:

 

Written for practitioners, using extensive jargon of the profession

 

Authors:

 

Practitioners in the field, or specialized journalists, PR writers

 

Published by:

 

Commercial publishers, trade and professional

Associations

 

Graphics:

Photographs, charts, tables, glossy ads

 

Where to search :

Academic Search Premier, JSTOR,

 

Examples:

 

Beverage World , ENR, HRMagazine

Variety

 

Merrill Library · University of Maine at Machias · Machias, ME 04654 | (207) 207-1234